The Motorola Moto X 1 will bring new sensors new technology and other innovations

A new image from the new phone Motorola Moto X + 1 has been filtered to show a little news that could have the cell phone.

The image comes courtesy of Evleaks shows the version of Moto X + 1 would come to Verizon in the United States. The image would confirm what we have known earlier about the new Android phone from Motorola.

Mainly, two speakers may be seen in the front, one on top and one screen in the lower part thereof. Similarly, one can see a class of sensors on each side of each of the speakers. It is not currently known that could make these sensors, but it may be related to features that do not require you to touch the screen directly to open certain applications or the like.

Additionally, one can see in the rear chamber with a larger lens and a flash on the right edge and one on the left edge of the lens. Similarly, we can see that Motorola would keep philosophy of providing a rear wood top and possibly others that allow you to customize your phone.

Although the Moto X, the previous version of this cell was characterized by very few unnecessary applications bring the operator, the photo shows the Verizon messaging application, meaning that it is expected to be the default application for this functionality in this new Motorola phone.

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Understanding the workings of Vertical Deflection

Vertical deflection parts, serves to provide a sawtooth current to the vertical deflection coil so that horizontal lines are generated by applying localized horizontal deflection from the top of the screen and moves towards the bottom of the screen. Sweeping PAL system has a vertical frequency of 50 Hz and 60 Hz NTSC system. Vertical deflection circuit there are several variation, is in contrast to the horizontal deflection circuit on television almost all the same.

Broadly , the vertical deflection section comprises:

Yoke Deflection

• Vertical oscillator (vertical countdown)
• Ramp generator
• Vertical amplifier drive
• Vertical amplifier-out
• Pum-up (flyback generator)
• Feedback circuit
• Vertical deflection coil

Countdown vertical as the vertical oscillator. Vertical count-down got input from the horizontal frequency count-down and divide in order to obtain the vertical frequency.

In this section there is a circuit called a "vertical window-counter" which serves to automatically adjust the vertical size of the frequency. Without any input video signal, vertical oscillator oscillates at a frequency of approximately 45 to 55Hz free. If then the aircraft received the system PAL video signals, vertical-counter window will lock the vertical oscillator at a frequency of 50Hz. And if a video signal NTSC system will automatically lock the vertical frequency to 60Hz

If for any damage, so the frequency can not be locked, it will cause:

• Picture rolling up if the frequency is lower
• Rolling down the picture if the frequency is higher.

Ramp-generator - vertical pulses from the oscillator is a square, ramp-function generator to change the shape of the signal box into a sawtooth shape. Sawtooth signal shape is determined by the value of resistor-capacitor filter contained in this section.

Vertical count-down circuit and the ramp-generator circuit is in common IC. But there are certain circuits where the ramp generator IC is in the vertical-out, ie aircraft using the TA8690 and TA8445.


Vertical amplifier Drive - serves to amplify the signal before it is fed into the vertical vertical-output amplifier. Circuits generally be one with a vertical power amplifier out.


Vertical power-amplifier Out - vertical sawtooth signal is amplified by this section to be able to supply power to the coil current sawtooth vertical deflection. The working principle of the vertical amplifier-out does not vary much with the audio power-amplifier


Pump Up (flyback generator) - applying localized electron beam vertically from the top to the bottom of the screen. To conduct further re-sweeping the electron beam must be returned with a quick way into the top layer. To do this required a strong pulse but only a moment the so-called vertical-retrace pulse, which pulse is required to establish a higher voltage supply on the vertical-out amplifier.

While doing the sweeping-vertical from the top of the screen to the bottom of the screen vertically-out circuit generally requires a voltage supply of about 25V. And at the vertical-retrace or back from the bottom to the top of the screen quickly takes a larger supply voltage of about 50V. Vertical pump-up circuit is in the vertical IC-out and serves to generate a high voltage at the moment-vertical retrace and require external components consisting of a diode and an Elko.

Vertical-drive circuit, pump-up and reinforcing vertical-out is generally a single IC package in the vertical-out.

There are several types of vertical IC-outs that do not use a pump-up circuit. Instead of the vertical-out requires two kinds of supply Vcc, the supply of low voltage and high voltage supply.

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Explanation Fuse Box Chevy Tracker Under The Hood 1999 Diagram

Fuse Box Chevy Tracker Under The Hood 1999 Diagram - This show you about Fuse Box Chevy Tracker Under The Hood 1999 Diagram.

Fuse Box Chevy Tracker Under The Hood 1999 Diagram

Fuse Panel Layout Diagram Parts: accessory power outlet, electronic fuel injection system, headlamp, high beam indicator, heater, hazard lamps, rear combination lamp, dome light, horn, cigar lighter, radio, ignition coil, meter, wiper, washer, rear defroster, turn signals, back up lamps, anti lock brake system, all electrical loads, air conditioning. Read More

The Perfect Subwoofer Box

We often hear talk (specially in car audio) about certain boxes being RIGHT for certain woofers. Many folks talk like a given woofer wont even play at all if the box size is not exactly perfect!

What is perfect?

Manufacturers often recommend a certain box for their speakers.

Computer box programs can PICK the box size (or tuning) that works best(?) with the woofer if you input the Thiele/Small parameters.

Is the box size the manufacturer recommends perfect? How can it possibly be perfect when they dont even know what kind of car your installing the box into? We all know the car will change the sound (this is called transfer function)! How can they possibly choose the perfect box size? Many times the speaker manufacturers recommendation is chosen not for perfect sound but for an average that might work well in the average car. Many times they might recommend the box thats easiest to build for beginners or small (since many folks like woofs that work in small boxes) or sealed instead of vented because it is less likely for you to blow your speaker in a small sealed box than a large vented box! (if you blow your speaker (a) they might have to replace it. (b) the company might get a reputation for lousy speakers if they blow a lot) Sure, the manufacturers recommendation will probably sound great! But perfect??? Is the manufacturers recommended box size really right for you?

Is the box size provided by computer programs perfect? Again, how can it be unless they take into account the transfer function of the car??? I dont know of a current popular program that does! Most computer programs will calculate a box for you with the lowest response and with the least ripple. In car audio, this many times IS NOT the best! Sometimes (specially in SPL competitions) the ripple the computer program tries to avoid might actually be an SPL or bass boost! Or for an SQ car, a slight ripple (inaudible, an may likely be made up for by the cars transfer function) might get you much deeper bass... Is the computers recommendation the perfect box? Is the computer programs recommended box right for you?

How bout the difference in CUSTOM made boxes vs PREFAB boxes?

Most real car audio enthusiasts would never consider a PREFAB box, we all know the custom built boxes are far superior sounding... BUT ARE THEY REALLY?

From my experience there is a great amount of BADLY BUILT custom boxes being built! Built so badly in fact that for many cases a prefab box would be miles better!

A prefab box could be better than a badly built custom box! I have heard some darned good systems with prefab boxes and some very poor systems with custom built boxes.. Its important if your gonna pay high dollar for an installer to build you a custom box that the installer be good at building boxes or you might just as well have spent your money on a pre-fab and spent the left over money on something else.

PLUS, since we mentioned installers, how many really have any background in speaker design? Many claim to be experts, but in the real world most installers just build the so called custom boxes with no AUDIO PHYSICS in mind. So for a custom box, its important the installer be not only a carpenter but also an expert at loudspeaker box design... Or a pre-fab box might be the better choice! ;-)

And, in reality, there is no PERFECT box, and to really custom build a box to perform as good as possible in a given vehicle it requires huge stacks of expensive test equipment, lots of woodworking tools and saws, and building, testing then rebuilding and retesting, and rebuilding and retesting again and again and again until no more good is achieved. This is done only by a few crazy competition gurus or a few nutty hobbyists, certainly NOT for the average car audio guy, or even the average installer...

So, I think it would be safe to say most so called perfect boxes are no where near perfect, they can all be improved on. And even if they were perfect, putting them in a car will change them, even the direction the box fires in the car can have an effect!

And it makes me laugh when I hear a fellow say something like " the manufacturer recommends 1.5cu ft for this speaker, it wont work in 1.25cu ft!"

Sure it will!
If thats all the space you have,
build it,
play it,
enjoy it!

There are so many variables involved there is a chance the NON-PERFECT box might even sound better than the so called perfect one! Try it ;-)

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Track the damage capacitors elco with ESR meter

All technicians must have the same experience that the old models of aircraft generally have several common Elco its dry or down in value, mainly found in many brands of china plane. Eco is dry can cause a variety of disorders that are sometimes difficult to trace or even be able to make certain parts do not work at all, especially if used on a circuit that works at such high frequency SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply) and the horizontal. Elco dry technicians sometimes make headaches and time consuming when you track the damage.

Many technicians get around this problem by directly replacing all existing Elko, the Elko-regardless of whether Elko is corrupt or not. It is generally quite successful. But sometimes the quality is not good substitutes Elko, so the damaged aircraft back after use for some time. Replace all of Elko is also a problem for yourself if the circuit is improved a lot using Elko. The use of ESR-meter proved to be the most appropriate choice to solve the above problems. We suggest that ESR-meter is a must-have tool for every technician after avo-meter.

Using ESR-meter weve made themselves at a cost of less than 50,000 rupiah we recorded a lot of advantages such as:

• Elko track damaged by the time more quickly because they do not need to remove the Elko (in-circuit tester) one by one.
• Elko only replaced damaged
• Can be used to check the quality of new and used Elko. It is certainly advantageous to utilize part of the former ex-change machine pcb. Sometimes the plane is damaged due to repeated just posted a new Elko was poor quality.
• Elko that if the check using the ohm-meter sometimes the results are deceptive. Because if you checked with ESR ESR-meter turns his already large.
• Can be used to check the flyback is short in the primary coil (between the B + with a pin-pin-collectors), def a short yoke, the power tranfo a short primer.
• To find out if re-chargeable batteries are still good. Re-chargeable battery that is damaged ESR was generally higher when compared to a still good.
• To keep track of printed lines leaking / short
• By comparing the capacitors are still good, ESR-meter can be used to check the value of thousands pf capacitor.

Note:

• ESR meter can not be to find Elko leak or short. Fortunately rare short Elko damage.
• ESR meter to check the fit only Elko with values ​​ranging 0.47uF and above.

Does ESR it actually?Parameters are generally owned by a Elko understood by engineers is the "maximum working voltage" and "capacitance value". In the real case there are several other parameters such as the "maximum working temperature" (85 or 105 degrees C) and "ESR" (Equivalent Series Resistance).Unless the practice is capacitive in Elko also has the characteristics of "resistive" caused by a combination of resistance to the legs, internal connections, plates and electrolyte. Thus form a resistive characteristic ESR, because if it is portrayed as if such be installed in series with the capacitance of Elko.Ideally, an Elko ESR is zero, but in practice this is impossible.Elko High voltage tends to have larger ESR than the low voltage ElkoElko with small values ​​tend to have higher ESR values ​​greater than Elko.Elko 105 degrees (C) tend to have higher ESR than Elko 85 degrees (C).

What Is the ESR-meter?

ESR meter is a kind of ohm-meter that can be used to measure the amount of "resistance" of Elko. Difference if the ohm-meter using a dc current (direct current) to drive the meter, then use the ESR meter ac (alternating current) with a standard frequency 150Khz. As had been explained that ideally Elko its ESR is zero. But this is not possible in practice. Elko good quality 10uF value is close to zero or more generally.

What is the cause of ESR Elko subject to change.

• The first is caused because of the connection quality is poor constituents. It can be found in Elko Elko New and old.
• Both are caused due to dry the liquid electrolyte due to evaporate or leak, which can be found at the old Elko. Are the consequences of large ESR Elko turned into?

Consequences of changing the value of ESR Elko

• Elko is a working principle can be "in-fill and waste of" electric charge repeatedly. Thus ESR Elko-charging current will be passed this exile repeatedly in accordance with the working frequency of the circuit. And we certainly have understood that if bypassed resistor will generate heat flows in accordance with the magnitude of the current strength through resistance value and the corresponding magnitude. Similarly, the Elko with ESR, the greater the greater the ESR value of the heat arising in Elko, and the higher the frequency the greater the heat generated. This heat can eventually cause the electrolyte evaporates into a gas and seeped out, so the value of Elko will turn down. In the specific cases heat can even make Elko explode.
• On a circuit that works at high frequencies Elko should have zero resistance to the high frequency signal. If the ESR of the resistance turned into Elko is no longer zero, and if the resistance value change is large enough to make the workings of the chaotic circuit.

Our experience with the use of ESR meter in the aircraft repair older model (the old plane), the first one we always do is:

• Check out all the Elko with ESR-meter at the SMPS, Horizontal and Vertical and immediately replace it if the ESR problem.
• Check visually (with a magnifying glass if necessary) solder-solder on the SMPS, the output Horizontal, Vertical output, and the CRT socket pcb and soldering again if there appears a problem or suspicious solder it.
• Both of these were able to eliminate the difficulties that may arise and difficult to trace, so the use of ESR meter can shorten repair time.

How to use homemade ESR meter (calibration)

• Once the tool is finished
• Collect some old Elko is still good. Find Elko pcb traces of the plane, made in Japan or Europe the original (former aircraft engine change) because of generally good quality for use as a reference.
• Grouped on the basis of a value less dar 2.2uF, 4.7uF is less than, less than and greater than 10uF 10uF.
• Try using the ESR-meter to measure each group, and mark the position of the needle meter on each group
• These markers can be used as a reference to the appointment of Elko ESR is still good.
• If the meter needle to deviate less from the reference mark, the mean ESR Elko is not good.

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The Portable Solar Lantern

This portable solar lantern schema uses 6 volt/5 watt solar panels are now widely available. With the help of such a photo-voltaic panel we can construct an economical, simple but efficient and truly portable solar lantern unit. Next important component required is a high power (1watt) white LED module.

When solar panel is well exposed to sunlight, about 9 volt dc available from the panel can be used to recharge a 4.8 volt /600 mAh rated Ni-Cd batterypack. Here red LED (D2) functions as a charging process indicator with the help of resistor R1. Resistor R2 regulates the charging current flow to near 150mA.

Solar Lantern Circuit Schematic

Assuming a 4-5 hour sunlit day, the solar panel (150mA current set by the charge controller resistor R2) will pump about 600 – 750 mAh into the battery pack. When power switch S1 is turned on, dc supply from the Ni-Cd battery pack is extended to the white LED (D3). Resistor R3 determines the LED current. Capacitor C1 works as a buffer.

Note: After construction, slightly change the values of R1,R2 and R3 up/down by trial&error method, if necessary.

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Strain Gauge measure the pressure or weight

Strain gauges are electronic components that serves to measure the pressure or weight. "Strain Gauge"was first discovered by Edward E. Simmons in 1983 in the form of metal foil that is insulif (isolation) attached to the body weight pressure to be measured. In principle, if the strain gauge given the pressure of the electrical resistance strain gauge will change because the process of deformation in the strain gauge the magnitude of change in electrical resistance that would follow the change of the received pressure strain gauge.

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Basically the DAC circuit

Basically the DAC circuit is made to meet the need for the level of influence in the development of digital electronic circuits electronics world.
Since the discovery of Silicon and Germanium semiconductor material then quickly there was a revolution in terms of simplicity and accuracy of an electronic circuit. Besides, with the implementation of digital circuits will support at all in terms of data storage and mobility. Lots of data can now be operated with a computer is a data converted from analog signals. For example a voice signal or analog form of video can be played and stored using a computer after analog signals are converted into digital data.

Advantages possessed by the digital data than analog signal is a certainty the nature of the data or logic. Digital data only can be divided into two kinds of logic high "1" and logic low "0". Logic 1 represents 5 volts and low logic voltage 0 volts represents. Examples of the advantages of digital signals over analog signals is on television or digital radio receiver. By implementing a digital system signals emitted by television or radio stations will form the data 1 and 0, so at the time of the transmission or delivery of data signals that change or damaged by the interruption of transmission will hardly change the logic of the signals. But if the transmitted signal is the original signal in the form of an analog signal then if just a little damage due to interruption of transmission, the signal to be received is a signal that has been damaged serve targeted.

In the DAC circuit above uses two LM741 Op-Amp IC is often used as an amplifier. IC1 to function as a producer of analog signal is reversed, and turned back IC2 function signal from IC1. Basic circuit of the DAC is a common amplifier circuit, only used a variation of several resistors in order to obtain a regular reinforcement signal. Rules that must be understood from this DAC circuit is the value of resistors on the input op-amp. The value for the resistor at high bit (R4) should be 2x the amplifier resistor (R5), then for the next bit should be 2x the resistor value at a higher bit. So if the circuit uses 4-bit DAC is the unit bit (lowest bit) is the value of bits to be 8x-4. From the picture above the unit bit is represented by resistor 80 Kohm.

Sample Conditions:
- 0001 (1) = switch SW1 closed and others opened, the voltage output produced is (5K/80K) x 9 volt = 0.5625 volts
- 0010 (2) = SW2 is closed and another switch is opened, the output voltage is (5K/40K) x 9 volts = 1.125 volts
- 0011 (3) = SW1 and SW2 is closed and another switch is opened, the voltage output is (5K/Rparalel 80K and 40K) x 9 volt = (5K/26, 667K) X 9 volt = 1.6875 volts
- 1000 (8) = SW4 is closed and another switch is opened, the output voltage is (5K/10K) x 9 volts = 4.5 volts.

From the above calculation can be concluded that unlicensed with a voltage output proportional to the input conditions, eg for 1 decimal is 0.5625 volts then, decimal 2 = 2 x 0.5625 = 1125 volts, decimal 3 = 3 x 0.5625 = 1.6875 volts, and so on. This condition is due to the parallel relationship between the input resistors. Read More

Parts of the UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply

Uninterruptible Power Supply

UPS is basically composed of three main components, namely:

1) Rectifier-Charger

This section is used to transfer circuit and battery charging. Rectifier-charger circuit block is going to supply the power needed by the inverter under full load and at that time to maintain the charge in the battery. Besides these blocks must have the ability to drain the power output of 125-130%.

Characteristics of the batteries also need to be taken into account in its charger circuit design because if a rechargeable battery with a current that exceeds the capacity limit will be able to shorten the life of the battery. Usually for a battery charging current to the UPS is 80% of current conditions issued by the batteries at full load.

Limitation of a UPS system is good by the standards of NEMA - National

Electical Manufacturer Association - is able to provide 100% power continuously (continuous load) and 2 hours at 125% load without a decrease in performance (damage). The battery can still be categorized as unfit for use if the condition is still capable of providing 100% power for 1 hour if the time of filling for 8 hours (determined by the manufacturing

battery).

2) Inverter

The quality of the inverter is a determinant of the quality of power generated by a UPS system. Inverter function to change the DC voltage of the rectifier-charger circuit into AC voltage signal in the form of a sine wave formation and after going through the filter circuit. The resulting output voltage must be stable both voltage amplitude and frequency, low distortion, there are no voltage transients.

In addition, the inverter system needs a feedback circuit (feedback) and the regulator circuit to maintain constant voltage to be obtained.

3) Switch Shifters (Transfer switches)

Transfer switch is divided into two types, namely electromechanical and static. Electromechanical switch uses relays to get one of the supply voltage terminal and the other from the UPS system. Static switch system using semiconductor components, such as SCR.

The use of SCR would be better because of the removal operation is performed with the SCR takes only 3 to 4 ms, while the electromechanical switch is about 50 to 100 ms.

The use of UPS is done by connecting the UPS to the AC input and output PLN UPS to the load. Most UPS are used to supply the computer, because if the source of PLN suddenly dies, then the data being processed is not lost but is still in the back-up by UPS, so theres still time to save data.

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