Digital Volume Control Circuit using MAX5486

A channel digital volume circuit on IC MAX5486 is shown here. MAX5486 40K digital volume / balance controller that pushbutton interface. The IC bias voltage that eliminated of an external circuitry for purpose and thereby by reduces external count. The IC has an LED indicator driver circuit be used for driving the indicator LEDs indicates level and balance level. The IC operated from or power and in pin TSSOP package. circuit on MAX5486 applied applications like personal audio systems, audio devices, home theatre systems, audio systems, audio systems etc.

The right channel input is applied to the pin8 (high terminal (HR) of internal digital potentiometer of the IC) and left channel input is applied to the pin17 (high terminal (HL) of the second internal digital potentiometer of the IC). Low terminals (pin and 6) of potentiometers are shorted and connected to the mid bias voltage output (pin11) of the IC. at the buffered wiper terminal (pin10) of internal potentiometer and left channel output at the buffered wiper terminal of the second internal potentiometer of the IC. A 1uF capacitor is connected from the bias generator bypass (pin12) to ground. of this capacitor is noise bypassing. of capacitors C4 and C5 are to bypass noise from the VDD and VLOGIC sources. This improves stability and performance of the circuit.

LEDs D1 to D5 are the indicator LEDs indicates volume and balance levels. R1 to R5 limits current through the corresponding LEDs. 1M resistor R6 for activating the indicator LED drivers. LED D6 represents operation mode of IC. When it glows, the IC is in balance mode and when off, the IC in volume mode. Resistor R7 limits through LED D6. volume mode the LEDs work a bar graph indicating volume. balance mode, the centremost LED alone glows when a centred balance. mute mode, all indicator LEDs OFF.

Push button switches S1 to S4 are used for controlling the circuit. Pressing S1 push the IC into mute mode. Push button S4 used between volume mode and balance mode and LED D6 indicated it. Push button S2 and S3 are used for increasing and decreasing volume mode and shifting the balance to left and right balance mode. The Vss pin of the IC is grounded single operation circuit. Shutdown pin (pin6) is tied to the VLOGIC for disabling the shutdown . Connecting the shutdown pin to drive the IC to the shutdown mode.

The output of the MAX5486 is sufficient enough to drive high impedance headphones. For driving low impedance headphones or speakers an amplifier stage be added to the output. power dissipation of MAX5486 is 675mW and consider this point while selecting the loads.

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LB1948M bassed forward reverse motor control driver circuit with explanation

A very simple forward reverse motor control driver electronic circuit project can be designed using the LB1948M 2 channel low saturation voltage forward reverse motor control driver IC. LB1948M motor driver is optimal for motor drive in 12V system products and can drive either two DC motors, one DC motor using parallel connection, or a 2-phase bipolar stepping motor with 1-2 phase excitation mode drive.
Some features of the LB1948M motor driver IC are : 12V power supply ,low saturation voltage: VO(sat) = 0.5V (typical) at IO = 400mA ,zero current drawn in standby mode , braking function ,built-in thermal shutdown circuit .

The LB1948M can be used as a single-channel H-bridge power supply by connecting IN1 to IN3, IN2 to IN4, OUT1 to OUT3, and OUT2 to OUT4 as shown in the figure. (IOmax=1.6A, VO(sat)=0.6V (typical) at IO=800mA) .
The circuit is very simple and require few external electronic parts .

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VW CAR PASSAT ENGINE CONTROL AND AUTOMATIC SOLENOID ELECTRICAL WIRING CIRCUIT

VW CAR PASSAT ENGINE CONTROL AND AUTOMATIC SOLENOID ELECTRICAL WIRING CIRCUIT

1993 VW Passat Engine Control Module, Automatic Control Unit, and Automatic Solenoid Electrical Wiring Diagram are shown in the following figure. It shows the connection and wiring between each parts and component of Engine Control Module, Automatic Control Unit, and Automatic Solenoid system of the vehicle such as the multi-function switch, fuse/relay panel, knock sensor, coolant temperature sensor, shift lock solenoid, starter interlock/back up lit relay,automatic control computer clutch shut off relay, automatic control unit, automatic solenoids, program switch, throttle position sensor, full throttle switch, idle switch, throttle valve potentiometer, ignition booster, distributor firing order, engine control module, carbon canister, cold starter, idle air control valve, evap emission on/off valve, and many more. Read More

Lights Control for Model Cars Wiring diagram Schematic

The author gave his partner a radio controlled (RC) model car as a gif t. She found it a lot of fun, but thought that adding realistic lights would be a definite improvement. So the author went back to his shed, plugged in his soldering iron, and set to work equipping the car with realistic indicators, headlights, tail lights and brake lights.

Lights Control for Model Cars Circuit Diagram

The basic idea was to tap into the signal from the radio control receiver and, with a bit of help from a microcontroller, simulate indicators using flashing yellow LEDs and brake lights using red LEDs. Further red LEDs are used for the tail lights, and white LEDs for the headlights. Connectors JP4 and JP5 (channel 0) are wired in parallel, as are JP6 and JP7 (channel 1), allowing the schema to be inserted into the servo control cables for the steering and drive motor respectively. The ATtiny45 micro-controller takes power from the radio receiver via diode D1. T1 and T2 buffer the servo signals to protect IC1’s inputs from damage. 

IC1 analyses the PWM servo signals and gen-erates suitable outputs to switch the LEDs via the driver transistors. T3 drives the two left indicators (yellow), T4 the two right indica-tors, and T5 the brake LEDs (red). The red tail lights (JP2-8 and JP2-8) and the white head-lights (JP2-9 and JP2-10) are lit continuously. The brake lights are driven with a full 20 mA, so that they are noticeably brighter than the tail lights, which only receive 5 mA. If you wish to combine the functions of tail light and brake light, saving t wo red LEDs, sim-ply connect pin 10 of JP2 to pin 14 and pin 12 to pin 16. Then connect the two combined brake/tail LEDs either at JP2-5 and JP2-6 or at JP2-7 and JP2-8.

JP3 is provided to allow the use of a separate lighting supply. This can either be connected to an additional four-cell battery pack or to the main supply for the drive motor. The val-ues given for resistors R8 to R17 are suitable for use with a 4.8 V supply. JP2 can take the form of a 2x10 header.

As usual the sof t ware is available as a free download from the Elektor web pages accom-panying this article[1], and ready-programmed microcontrollers are also available. The microcontroller must be taught what servo signals correspond to left and right turns, and to full throttle and full braking. First connect the fin-ished schema to the radio control electronics in the car, making sure everything is switched of f. Fit jumper JP1 to enable configuration mode, switch on the radio control transmit-ter, set all proportional controls to their cen-tre positions, and then switch on the receiver. The indicator LEDs should first flash on both sides. Then the car will indicate left for 3 s: during this time quickly turn the steering on the radio control transmitter fully to the left and the throt tle to full reverse (maximum braking).

Hold the controls in this position until the car starts to indicate right. Then set the controls to their opposite extremes and hold them there until both sides flash again. Now, if the car has an internal combustion engine (and so cannot go in reverse), keep the throttle control on full; if the car has an electric motor, set the throttle to full reverse. Hold this position while both sides are flashing. Configuration is now complete and JP1 can be removed. If you make a mistake during the configuration process, start again from the beginning.

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TV remote control blocker

Just point this small device at the TV and the remote gets jammed . The schema is self explanatory . 555 is wired as an astable multivibrator for a frequency of nearly 38 kHz. This is the frequency at which most of the modern TVs receive the IR beam . The transistor acts as a current source supplying roughly 25mA to the infra red LEDs. To increase the range of the schema simply decrease the value of the 180 ohm resistor to not less than 100 ohm.

It is required to adjust the 10K potentiometer while pointing the device at your TV to block the IR rays from the remote. This can be done by trial and error until the remote no longer responds.

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Tone Control Subwoofer Low Pass Filter IC

• CMOS Technology
• 2 - Channel Input
• 3 - Channel Output (Including 1 stereo Output and Subwoofer Output)
• Low Total Harmonic Distortion (THD<0.01%, Subwoofer THD<0.2%)
• High S/N Ratio (S/N Ratio <-87dB, A-weighting)
• Least External Components
• Adjustment of Frequency response by changing the value of the external component
• Single Power Supply: 3 to 8.5 Volts
• Available in 20 pins, DIP or SO Package
• Multi-Media 3D Satellite Speaker and Subwoofer System
• Car Audio
• Audio Equipment
• Sound Card
• Other Electrical Audio Equipment

Tone Control Subwoofer Low Pass Filter IC

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Hacking Car Wipers for Easy Control

How do you want to have your wipers become more intelligent? In this way, they could remember how frequent you need to use them. But of course, this will need the help of an ATmega8L micro-controller.



When you need to activate the wiper, you just press the button and it will run in one course. There is a 45 seconds waiting time that if you do not press the button, it will go on standby while telling itself that only one course is needed. The system will activate the wiper again if the button is pressed before 45 seconds. The good thing is that it will remember the interval when you pressed the button.

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